Periodontology

Why should I know all that?

Periodontal diseases (gingivitis, periodontitis and parodontosis) are the serious disorders which may eventually lead to loss of tooth. Carelessness and lack of information may cost you your health!

What is periodontitis?

Periodontitis — is a compound word originating from the two Greek roots «odontos» — a tooth, and «para» — around, near. Periodontitis is a complex of tissues surrounding and supporting a tooth, including:

Tooth adjacent gum Ligaments, retaining a tooth within the jaw bone Jaw bone tissue surrounding a tooth root

Periodontal diseases may affect one or more teeth. The process starts when bacteria accumulating in dental plaque causing gingivitis.

What are the causes of periodontal diseases?

Dental tartar is a caliche layer containing bacteria and sometimes just normal scale.

The most common reason is a — poor oral hygiene: dental plaque, accretions, dental tartar Irregular teeth alignment (occlusion abnormalities, teeth overcrowding) Quantitative and qualitative saliva changes (e.g., as a result of smoking) Prosthesis errors: overloading of support teeth with off-grade bridgework, poor crown fitting to gum Therapeutic errors in teeth treatment: poor canal filling, excessive packing, extending filling edges Disordered chewing function: intake of soft food only

Besides, general health plays an important part in periodontal diseases development:

• Impairment of the general system natural immunity
• Poor endocrine system state
• Poor nervous system state
• Vitamin imbalance
• Ill oxygen supply of periodontium tissues

What are the types of periodontal diseases?

Among the most common periodontal diseases are gingivitis, periodontitis and parodontosis.

• Gingivitis — is the initial-stage gum inflammation, caused by negative effects of local and general factors and progressing without impairing integrity of the dentogingival connection.
• Periodontitis — is the disorder causing gum inflammation extend to other periodontium tissues. Periodontitis is characterized by progressing periodontium and bone tissue destruction. Periodontitis may be acute and chronic.
• Parodontosis — is the primary dystrophic periodontium tissues deficit. Please pay special attention to the fact that parodontosis is relatively rare and accounts for about 3–4% of all periodontal diseases.

What are the indications of healthy periodontium?

Absence of infection Absence of order Absence of foul taste Absence of angiostaxis Absence of purulence Absence of pain

What are the indications of periodontal diseases?

Gingivitis indications:

Dental tartar are soft, sticky, almost invisible deposits accumulating on teeth, fillings, crowns and prosthesis as well as on gums and tongue. Deposit leads to caries and gingival diseases development.

Dental deposit (microbial deposit, soft deposit, food rests) Reddening of the gingival margin and swelling of gingival papilla Angiostaxis at a light touch Sporadic bleeding sickness by teeth cleaning with a toothbrush Perceptible order

Normally observed at the infant and teen age. The disorder has both the chronic and acute forms.

Periodontitis indications:

Frequent bleeding sickness by food intake and teeth cleaning with a toothbrush Presence of gingival or periodontal pockets Gum swelling and inflammation Teethmobility, instability and their displacement Bone tissue reduction, slight dental necks exposure Sometimes dull, extended pain A considerable amount of dental deposits Pronounced odor

Normally observed among people over 30–40 years old. The disorder has both the chronic and acute forms. The chronic form, in its turn, has three stages: mild, medium and sever.

Parodontosis indications:

Parodontosis may be caused by insufficient gingival tissues blood supply, which in sever neglected cases may result in gum atrophy and, consequently, in loss of teeth.

Absence of inflammation ooth neck and then tooth root exposure Absence of gingival and periodontal pockets Teeth stability even by express reduction of bone tissue Absence of blood sickness Absence of purulence

Normally observed among people with coronary diseases, endocrine and metabolic disorders.

Periodontitis is characterized by slow progress, symmetric bone tissue affect. Parodontosis has several forms with different severity levels.